Spring wheat seed size and seeding rate affect wild oat demographics

Weed Science ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 312-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingwu Xue ◽  
Robert N. Stougaard
Keyword(s):  
Seed Size ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Wheat Seed ◽  
Seeding Rate

Spring wheat seed size and seeding rate effects on yield loss due to wild oat (Avena fatua) interference

Weed Science ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert N. Stougaard ◽  
Qingwu Xue
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Seed Size ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Wheat Seed ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Cereal Grain ◽  
Rate Effects

The development of competitive cropping systems could minimize the negative effects of wild oat competition on cereal grain yield, and in the process, help augment herbicide use. A 3-yr field experiment was conducted at Kalispell, MT, to investigate the effects of spring wheat seed size and seeding rate on wheat spike production, biomass, and grain yield under a range of wild oat densities. Wheat plant density, spikes, biomass, and yield all increased as seed size and seeding rates increased. Averaged across all other factors, the use of higher seeding rates and larger seed sizes improved yields by 12 and 18%, respectively. Accordingly, grain yield was more highly correlated with seed size than with seeding rate effects. However, the combined use of both tactics resulted in a more competitive cropping system, improving grain yields by 30%. Seeding rate effects were related to spike production, whereas seed size effects were related to biomass production. As such, plants derived from large seed appear to have greater vigor and are able to acquire a larger share of plant growth factors relative to plants derived from small seed.

Compensatory Mechanisms Associated with the Effect of Spring Wheat Seed Size on Wild Oat Competition

Crop Science ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 935-945 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando R. Guillen‐Portal ◽  
Robert N. Stougaard ◽  
Qingwu Xue ◽  
Kent M. Eskridge
Keyword(s):  
Seed Size ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Wheat Seed ◽  
Compensatory Mechanisms

Effects of Spring Wheat Seed Size and Reduced Rates of Tralkoxydim on Wild Oat Control, Wheat Yield, and Economic Returns

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 472-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingwu Xue ◽  
Robert N. Stougaard
Keyword(s):  
Seed Size ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Wheat Seed ◽  
Economic Returns ◽  
Size Classes ◽  
Large Seed ◽  
Combined Use

Spring wheat competitive ability has recently been demonstrated to co-vary with seed size. The objective of this study was to determine if spring wheat seed size would influence the effects of variable tralkoxydim rates on wild oat control, wheat yield, and economic returns. The factorial treatment arrangement consisted of three spring wheat seed size classes and five tralkoxydim rates. Wild oat density, panicles, and biomass decreased as spring wheat seed size and tralkoxydim rate increased, with the combined effect being additive. Wild oat variables decreased in a log-logistic manner as tralkoxydim rate increased during both years. However, tralkoxydim was less effective in 2000 than 2002, as indicated by the higher dosage required to reduce the wild oat variables by 50% (greaterI50values). In contrast, the effect of large seeded wheat in suppressing wild oat was more consistently expressed, with wild oat variables decreasing linearly as seed size increased. Wheat yield and economic returns increased exponentially as tralkoxydim rate increased. At the same time, wheat yield and economic returns were greater for wheat plants derived from large seed compared to those derived from small seed. Averaged over all other factors, adjusted gross returns of 578, 657, and 703 $/ha were realized for the small, medium, and large seed size classes, respectively. The combined use of large seeded wheat plus tralkoxydim applications provided greater wild oat control than did either single tactic. The use of large seeded wheat had a stabilizing effect that increased the consistency and durability of the weed management system while simultaneously improving economic returns.

Seed-Mediated Gene Flow in Wheat: Seed Bank Longevity in Western Canada

Weed Science ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 124-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan L. Nielson ◽  
Marc A. McPherson ◽  
John T. O'Donovan ◽  
K. Neil Harker ◽  
Rong-Cai Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Gene Flow ◽  
Seed Size ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Seed Bank ◽  
Seed Viability ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Viable Seed ◽  
Wheat Seed

Development of genetically modified (GM) wheat has raised concerns about the movement and persistence of transgenes in agroecosystems and the ability of growers to segregate GM from conventional wheat. Wheat as a crop has been studied extensively but the population biology of volunteer wheat is not well characterized. Artificial seed bank studies were conducted in western Canada to provide baseline data on volunteer wheat seed persistence. Seed from two cultivars of Canadian western red spring wheat, ‘AC Splendor’ and ‘AC Superb’, were buried in mesh bags at three depths (0, 2, and 15 cm) in two different environments in the fall of 2003 and 2004. In addition, in 2004, ‘AC Superb’ seed were separated into small and large seed lots and buried with a medium seed lot to examine the influence of seed size on seed bank persistence. Seeds were withdrawn at intervals to assess seed germination and viability and regression analysis conducted on the viable seed at each sample period, after burial. Seed viability was variable within years and sites, and declined exponentially over time. In the spring, approximately 6 mo after initiation, viable seed ranged from 1 to 43%. With the exception of a single site and year, seeds on the soil surface persisted significantly longer than buried seeds and increasing burial depth accelerated loss of viability. The maximum viability of wheat seeds at 0, 2, and 15 cm depth in the spring following planting was 43, 7, and 2%, respectively. The extinction of viability for 99% (EX99) of the seed was estimated from regression analysis. The EX99values of seeds buried at 0, 2, and 15 cm ranged from 493 to 1,114, 319 to 654, and 175 to 352 d after planting (DAP), respectively, with the exception of one site in 2003 where burial depths were not different and all had an EX99value of 456 DAP. Seed size and cultivar did not significantly affect persistence, with the exception of one site in 2003 where the difference in EX99values was 20 DAP. The rapid loss of seed viability limits temporal gene flow via volunteers in years following a wheat crop. Results provide data on spring wheat biology to aid in Canadian environmental biosafety assessments of GM wheat and will be incorporated into a mechanistic model to predict wheat gene flow on the Canadian prairies.

Variable crop plant establishment contributes to differences in competitiveness with wild oat among cereal varieties

2005 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 771-776 ◽  
Author(s):  
John T. O’Donovan ◽  
Robert E. Blackshaw ◽  
K. Neil Harker ◽  
George W. Clayton ◽  
Ross McKenzie
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Crop Plant ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Crop Density

Field experiments were conducted at three locations in Alberta to determine the relative competitiveness with wild oat (Avena fatua L.) of three hard red spring (HRS) and three Canada prairie spring (CPS) wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties and a semidwarf hull-less barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) (Falcon), and normal height general purpose barley (AC Lacombe). Crop variety significantly affected crop yield loss, wild oat shoot dry weight and wild oat seed yield (competitive indicators). AC Lacombe barley was consistently more competitive than Falcon barley or any of the wheat varieties, while the HRS wheat varieties were mainly more competitive than the CPS varieties. Falcon barley was generally similar in competitiveness to the CPS wheat varieties. Differences among varieties in crop plant density at establishment correlated significantly with the competitive indicators suggesting that this factor contributed to the differences in competitiveness among the varieties. Crop density tended to be higher with the more competitive AC Lacombe barley and HRS wheat varieties than with the less competitive Falcon barley and CPS wheat varieties. Variety and seeding rate did not interact significantly but intentionally increasing the seeding rate improved the competitiveness of all varieties. Key words: Hard red spring wheat, Canada prairie spring wheat, crop seeding rate, hull-less barley, semi-dwarf wheat and barley

Winter wheat competition against jointed goatgrass (Aegilops cylindrica) as influenced by wheat plant height, seeding rate, and seed size

Weed Science ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 996-1001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph P. Yenish ◽  
Frank L. Young
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Seed Size ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Cultural Control ◽  
Wheat Seed ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Herbicide Resistant ◽  
Jointed Goatgrass

Jointed goatgrass is a troublesome weed in winter wheat with selective control only possible with a herbicide-resistant crop. Even with herbicide-resistant wheat, cultural control is still an important part of jointed goatgrass management. A study was conducted in 1998 and 2000 to determine whether using larger sized seed of a tall wheat variety at an increased seeding rate would reduce the effect of jointed goatgrass on winter wheat. Wheat seed size, seeding rate, and variety height had no effect on jointed goatgrass plant density. Tall (∼130 cm) wheat reduced mature jointed goatgrass biomass 46 and 16% compared with short (∼100 cm) wheat in years 1 and 2 of the experiment, respectively. Spikelet biomass was also reduced approximately 70 and 30% in the same respective years. One thousand–spikelet weight of jointed goatgrass was reduced 37 and 7% in years 1 and 2, respectively, when grown in competition with taller compared with shorter wheat. Moreover, dockage was 80 and 30% less in years 1 and 2, respectively, when grown in competition with taller than shorter wheat. Mature jointed goatgrass height was similar regardless of the competitive wheat height. However, jointed goatgrass was as much as 18% taller than the short wheat and 15% shorter than the tall wheat. Seeding rate had the most consistent effect on wheat yield. Wheat seed yield was about 10% greater with 60 than 40 seed m−1of row when competing with jointed goatgrass. Results of this study indicate that growers could use a tall winter wheat variety to improve crop competition against jointed goatgrass. Results also indicate that plant breeders should consider plant height because herbicide-resistant varieties are developed for the integrated management of jointed goatgrass.

scholarly journals Seeding Rate Effects on Hybrid Spring Wheat Yield, Yield Components and Quality

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1240
Author(s):  
Peder K. Schmitz ◽  
Joel K. Ransom
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Yield Component ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Protein Yield ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Hard Red Spring Wheat ◽  
End Use

Agronomic practices, such as planting date, seeding rate, and genotype, commonly influence hard red spring wheat (HRSW, Triticum aestivum L. emend. Thell.) production. Determining the agronomic optimum seeding rate (AOSR) of newly developed hybrids is needed as they respond to seeding rates differently from inbred cultivars. The objectives of this research were to determine the AOSR of new HRSW hybrids, how seeding rate alters their various yield components, and whether hybrids offer increased end-use quality, compared to conventional cultivars. The performance of two cultivars (inbreds) and five hybrids was evaluated in nine North Dakota environments at five seeding rates in 2019−2020. Responses to seeding rate for yield and protein yield differed among the genotypes. The AOSR ranged from 3.60 to 5.19 million seeds ha−1 and 2.22 to 3.89 million seeds ha−1 for yield and protein yield, respectively. The average AOSR for yield for the hybrids was similar to that of conventional cultivars. However, the maximum protein yield of the hybrids was achieved at 0.50 million seeds ha−1 less than that of the cultivars tested. The yield component that explained the greatest proportion of differences in yield as seeding rates varied was kernels spike−1 (r = 0.17 to 0.43). The end-use quality of the hybrids tested was not superior to that of the conventional cultivars, indicating that yield will likely be the determinant of the economic feasibility of any future released hybrids.

scholarly journals Effect of Row Spacing and Seeding Rate on Russian Thistle (Salsola tragus) in Spring Barley and Spring Wheat

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 126
Author(s):  
Judit Barroso ◽  
Nicholas G. Genna
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Seeding Rate

Russian thistle (Salsola tragus L.) is a persistent post-harvest issue in the Pacific Northwest (PNW). Farmers need more integrated management strategies to control it. Russian thistle emergence, mortality, plant biomass, seed production, and crop yield were evaluated in spring wheat and spring barley planted in 18- or 36-cm row spacing and seeded at 73 or 140 kg ha−1 in Pendleton and Moro, Oregon, during 2018 and 2019. Russian thistle emergence was lower and mortality was higher in spring barley than in spring wheat. However, little to no effect of row spacing or seeding rate was observed on Russian thistle emergence or mortality. Russian thistle seed production and plant biomass followed crop productivity; higher crop yield produced higher Russian thistle biomass and seed production and lower crop yield produced lower weed biomass and seed production. Crop yield with Russian thistle pressure was improved in 2018 with 18-cm rows or by seeding at 140 kg ha−1 while no effect was observed in 2019. Increasing seeding rates or planting spring crops in narrow rows may be effective at increasing yield in low rainfall years of the PNW, such as in 2018. No effect may be observed in years with higher rainfall than normal, such as in 2019.

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